自闭症和多动症:在执行功能任务中,前额叶皮层的激活模式不同?
Yin Li1, Shuai Ma1, Xin Zhang1
1Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Journal of psychiatric research
|February 24, 2024
概括
功能近红外光谱学 (fNIRS) 显示了自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童在执行功能任务期间与通常发育的同龄人相比,明显的前额叶皮层 (PFC) 激活模式.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 医疗成像医学成像
背景情况:
- 患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童经常表现出执行功能 (EF) 缺陷.
- 功能近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 越来越多地用于评估儿科患者在认知任务期间前额叶皮层 (PFC) 激活.
- 了解ASD和ADHD中PFC激活模式对于表征神经发育差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合fNIRS研究的发现,这些研究在EF任务期间检查ASD和ADHD儿童的PFC激活.
- 为了比较ASD儿童,ADHD儿童和典型发育 (TD) 对照者之间的PFC激活模式.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行了系统的文献搜索,确定了630篇文章.
- 十一项研究符合资格标准,包括被诊断患有自闭症或多动症的6至16岁的参与者 (DSM-4/5),使用fNIRS进行EF任务与TD对照.
- 定量分析侧重于PFC激活的组间比较.
主要成果:
- 与典型发育 (TD) 儿童相比,患有ASD和ADHD的儿童表现出相反的前额叶皮层 (PFC) 激活模式.
- 这些不同的激活模式特别在n-back任务中观察到,这是工作记忆和执行功能的衡量标准.
- 这些发现突出了与青少年ASD和ADHD相关的PFC功能的特定任务变化.
结论:
- 在执行功能任务期间,fnirs可以在ASD,ADHD和TD儿童之间区分PFC激活配置文件.
- 该研究在ASD和ADHD中发现了对比的PFC激活模式,这表明它们的执行功能缺陷有着不同的神经生物学基础.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索这些特定任务的PFC激活差异及其对干预策略的影响.
相关概念视频
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
68
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
68
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
92
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
92
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
5.3K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.3K
01:26Modeling in Therapy
74
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
74