生态毒性研究表明,迪坎巴衍生离子液中的有机酸盐可能比除草剂本身构成更大的环境风险
Jan Homa1, Witold Stachowiak1, Adriana Olejniczak1
1Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
The Science of the total environment
|February 24, 2024
概括
杀草剂离子液 (HIL) 的环境影响在很大程度上取决于离子结构. 自然的小酸盐,如胆,对水生生物和细菌的毒性明显低于合成酸盐.
科学领域:
- 环境化学环境化学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 农业化学品 农业化学品 农业化学品
背景情况:
- 除草剂离子液体 (HILs) 正在被探索作为一种新的除草剂输送策略.
- 了解HILs的环境命运和毒性对于它们的可持续应用至关重要.
- 离子结构在调节离子液体生态毒性的作用尚未完全阐明.
研究的目的:
- 研究将迪坎巴与各种有机酸盐结合形成HIL的环境后果.
- 评估五种不同的基于迪坎巴的HIL对一系列环境生物的毒性.
- 确定阴离子结构,疏水性和起源如何影响HILs的生态毒性.
主要方法:
- 合成了五种基于迪坎巴的HIL,具有不同的阴离子结构:胆[CHOL][DIC],乙基贝他酸[BETC2][DIC],乙基贝他酸[BETC10][DIC],六甲基贝他酸[BETC16][DIC]和二甲基二甲基[DDA][DIC].
- 毒性测定是在细菌 (伪菌,大肠杆菌,细菌),藻类 (Chlorella vulgaris) 和水生甲类动物 (Daphnia magna,Artemia franciscana) 上进行的.
- 进行了时间依赖性毒性测试,以评估贝他因类型的降解和随后的毒性降低.
主要成果:
- 阴离子结构显著决定了基于迪坎巴的HIL在测试物种中的毒性.
- 与合成的[DDA]相比,天然衍生的小 ([CHOL],[BETC2]) 的毒性呈现出数量级较低的毒性.
- 带有键的贝他因类酸显示出快速转化为毒性较低的物质,随着时间的推移显著降低了整体毒性.
结论:
- 水性和阴离子的起源是影响HILs急性生态毒性的关键因素.
- 这些发现挑战了HIL作为本质上安全的替代品的广泛概念,突出了与常规除草剂中辅助剂依赖毒性的相似之处.
- 需要进一步研究阴离子设计,以减轻与HILs相关的环境风险.
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