道德学习和积极的精神分裂:精神病倾向的社会认知机制
Wanchen Zhao1, Tyrone D Cannon1
1Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States of America.
容易患精神病的个体在学习道德方面表现出困难,并对他人形成不同的印象. 这可能会导致更多的怀疑和轻信,可能会助长阴谋思维.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会神经科学是一种社会神经科学.
- 心理病理学 心理病理学
背景情况:
- 偏执和阴谋思维包括对他人有伤害意图的信念.
- 道德认知,特别是危害评估,是理解这些妄想的核心.
- 在易患精神病的个体中研究道德性格处理,为社会认知提供了洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 检查精神病倾向如何影响道德性格推断和信任行为.
- 探索精神分裂与对他人的道德决策评价之间的关系.
- 了解潜在的伤害妄想的社会认知机制.
主要方法:
- 在线研究,来自亚马逊机械土耳其的293名参与者.
- 道德推理任务评估在不同的激励下对代理人的危害选择的预测和判断.
- 投资游戏用于测量信任行为,通过多维精神分裂样式尺度评估精神病倾向.
主要成果:
- 积极的精神分裂与较低的相关,对代理人的道德更有信心的初始期望.
- 具有较高阳性精神分裂型的参与者显示,预测准确性降低,对伤害偏好的信念修订较少.
- 结果表明,对"好"和"坏"代理人的看法没有区别,无论代理人的行为如何,信任期望更高.
结论:
- 易患精神病与不灵活的信念和受损的道德学习有关,而不仅仅是负面的期望.
- 难以更新道德印象可能会导致误判个人,培养对仁慈的怀疑和对恶意的轻信.
- 这些社会认知缺陷可能会加剧阴谋论的信念和对危害的妄想.
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