2022年达卡城市的反应性霍乱疫苗接种活动:经验,经验教训和未来方向
Zahid Hasan Khan1, Md Taufiqul Islam1, Mohammad Ashraful Amin1
1International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Public health in practice (Oxford, England)
|February 26, 2024
概括
孟加拉国达卡的一项反应性口服霍乱疫苗接种活动在两轮中实现了高覆盖率. 这一举措展示了成功的多谱方法来打击霍乱爆发.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗接种计划 疫苗接种计划
背景情况:
- 霍乱疫情对公共卫生构成重大威胁,如2022年孟加拉国达卡病例激增所证明的.
- 大约30%的达卡腹病例被确定为霍乱,需要紧急干预.
研究的目的:
- 描述组织和实施反应性口服霍乱疫苗接种活动,以应对疫情的爆发.
- 评估两轮口服霍乱疫苗接种活动的覆盖范围和结果.
主要方法:
- 在达卡的五个高发病率霍乱地区进行了反应性口服霍乱疫苗接种活动.
- 地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术用于人口密度绘制.
- 该活动的目标是使用Euvichol-Plus的1岁及以上 (不包括孕妇) 超过230万名使用Euvichol-Plus的个人,在2022年6月,7月和8月的两轮中部署了700个团队.
- 收集了免疫接种后不良事件 (AEFI) 的数据,专家团队进行了监测.
主要成果:
- 第一轮疫苗接种达到99%的覆盖率.
- 第二轮的疫苗接种率在第一剂接种者中达到86.3%.
- 在疫苗接种期间,共报告了57起免疫接种后不良事件 (AEFI).
结论:
- 反应性口服霍乱疫苗接种活动显示了高覆盖率,并作为疫情应对模式.
- 有效的霍乱控制需要一个涉及政策制定者,卫生当局,社区和卫生合作伙伴的多谱方法.
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