将单词映射到世界:成年人,但不是孩子,了解不匹配的描述是如何引用的
1Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|February 26, 2024
概括
学习语言的儿童优先考虑描述性词语而不是语法线索,与首先使用语法的成年人不同. 这种发育差异会影响孩子如何将词语与物体联系起来.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学理论语言学理论
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 儿童的语言学习往往假定依赖于形容词和名词等描述性术语.
- 成人语言处理理论强调语法元素 (例如,确定器) 来确定参考状态.
- 一个关键的预测是,如果语法优先考虑,引用即使在描述性不匹配的情况下也可以成功.
研究的目的:
- 调查儿童和成年人如何将语言表达方式与现实世界的参考联系起来.
- 测试孩子在参考任务中是否优先考虑描述性信息或语法线索.
- 为了比较参考处理策略中的发育差异.
主要方法:
- 进行了四项实验,涉及成人和儿童 (3-5岁) 参与者.
- 参与者获得了参考表达式和现实世界的对象.
- 任务评估了依赖描述性信息与语法信息的依赖,以成功识别参照者.
主要成果:
- 成年人始终优先考虑语法线索 (文章) 来识别参考词,即使描述不准确.
- 相比之下,儿童优先考虑描述性信息 (名词,形容词),而不是语法线索.
- 儿童对语法信息表现出敏感性,但比描述性细节重量较小.
结论:
- 儿童的参考处理与成人策略有很大的不同.
- 幼儿的语言学习最初可能更依赖于描述性内容而不是语法结构.
- 这些发现挑战了在早期语言发育中的语法第一账户的普遍性.
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