哺乳动物感染高度致病性禽流感A ((H5N1) 病毒的模式的最近变化 全球
Emerging infectious diseases
|February 26, 2024
概括
高致病性禽流感A型病毒亚型H5N1正在全球范围内越来越多地影响哺乳动物. 持续监测对于监测H5N1病毒适应和减轻流行病风险至关重要.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 动物传播疾病 动物传播疾病
- 野生动物健康 野生动物健康
背景情况:
- 高致病性禽流感A型病毒亚型H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) 对鸟类和哺乳动物种群构成重大威胁.
- 了解HPAI H5N1在哺乳动物中的溢出事件对于评估潜在的流行病风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查和分析自然哺乳动物感染HPAI H5N1.1的信息.
- 为了比较当前泛动物大流行 (2020-2023) 期间哺乳动物中HPAI H5N1感染与之前的疫情 (2003-2019) 的情况.
- 评估哺乳动物潜在的传播途径和病毒适应性.
主要方法:
- 对HPAI H5N1哺乳动物感染的科学文献和监测数据的系统审查.
- 对不同HPAI H5N1波之间的感染范围 (地理分布,受影响物种,个体数) 的比较分析.
- 检查基因突变和流行病学数据以推断传播动态.
主要成果:
- 目前的HPAI H5N1泛动物性疫情 (2020-2023) 涉及26个国家的48多种哺乳动物,明显超过了以前爆发的范围.
- 与感染的鸟类的密切接触,包括吞,仍然是哺乳动物中HPAI H5N1感染的主要来源.
- 有证据表明,哺乳动物对哺乳动物的潜在传播和病毒突变可以在当前泛动物时代促进哺乳动物的复制.
结论:
- HPAI H5N1在哺乳动物中表现出更高的适应能力和更广泛的宿主范围.
- 哺乳动物中H5N1病毒的不断变化的性质需要加强全球监测.
- 减轻未来人类流行病的风险需要持续监测野生动物和家禽中HPAI H5N1动态.
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