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评估世界主要山区的生态系统保护和碎片化
David M Theobald1,2, Aerin L Jacob3,4, Paul R Elsen5
1Conservation Planning Technologies, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
概括
保护山区生物多样性至关重要. 人类的改造威胁着山区生态系统,碎片化将生态完整性降低高达40%,突显了迫切的保护需求.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 由于高贝塔多样性,特有性和促进物种迁移,山脉拥有显著的生物多样性.
- 山脉被认为比低地更少的修改和更受保护,对于生态系统服务至关重要.
- 评估人类对山区生态系统的影响对于有效的保护战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较全球主要山区的生物地理特征和人类造成的碎片化.
- 量化人类修改对山区生态系统生态完整性的影响.
- 评估山区生态系统在保护区中的代表性,与全球保护目标相比.
主要方法:
- 在每个大陆上最大的连续山区的生物地理属性比较.
- 使用Köppen-Geiger气候区域,生态区域和地形生成了详细的山地生态系统.
- 基于人类修改类的量化生态系统碎片化 (野生地区,共享土地,城市/农业地区).
主要成果:
- 在研究的一半山区的人类修饰接近全球平均水平.
- 生态系统的碎片化使山区的生态完整性降低了高达40%.
- 只有三分之一的地区达到30%的保护区目标;大多数山区生态系统类型的代表性不足.
结论:
- 山地生态系统面临着人类造成的严重碎片化和生态完整性损失.
- 目前的保护区覆盖面不足以满足山区生态系统的全球生物多样性目标.
- 对衡量生态完整性和碎片化的详细方法对于有效的山区保护规划至关重要.
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