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在异种蝶中,在飞行行为中普遍存在模仿
Edward Page1, Lucie M Queste1,2, Neil Rosser1,3
1Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
概括
蝶的飞行模式揭示了进化的模仿. 翅膀跳动频率和角度在具有相似警告色彩图案的物种之间趋同,由捕食者选择驱动的异体信号传递.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 昆虫的飞行动态 昆虫的飞行动态
背景情况:
- 飞行是昆虫进化的关键特征,但它的复杂性阻碍了对进化驱动力的理解.
- 螺旋的蝶表现出模仿异质 (警告) 翅膀色彩的模仿,使它们成为研究进化趋同的理想模型.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究新热带蝶的飞行模式趋同.
- 为了确定飞行特征是否与模仿分组和复杂信号相关.
主要方法:
- 351个个体的量化飞行模式 (翅膀跳动频率,翅膀角度) 跨越29个形和9个形物种.
- 分析了飞行数据与十个不同的颜色模式模仿组的关系.
主要成果:
- 螺旋类物种的翅膀跳动频率和上翼角度由模仿属性聚集在一起.
- 低翼角度的收率较小,这表明飞行部件的差异性选择.
- 虎模仿组由于与远距离相关的伊托米因物种的融合而表现出不同的飞行.
- 捕食者驱动的模仿选择解释了飞行变异,甚至跨越亚种和长的进化时间表.
结论:
- 螺旋蝶的飞行趋同主要是由避免掠食者而不是共享息地的异体信号驱动的.
- 飞行中的行为模仿可以在数百万年相隔的血统之间演变.
- 不同的飞行组件受到不同的进化压力和约束.
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