相关实验视频

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources

Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources

Published on: January 22, 2018

迪尼克尔酶的进化是为了代谢制药甲福明及其对废水和人类微生物的影响

Lambros J Tassoulas^1,2, Joel A Rankin^1,2, Mikael H Elias^1,2

¹Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|February 26, 2024

概括

研究人员确定了两种基因,mfmA和mfmB,它们负责废水中分解常见的糖尿病药物甲胺. 这一发现揭示了一种广泛存在的微生物酶,对环境中的甲胺降解至关重要.

科学领域:

环境微生物学环境微生物学
生物化学生物化学
药物新陈代谢药物新陈代谢

背景情况:

甲胺是二型糖尿病的一线药物,是广泛存在的环境污染物.
它的环境命运和微生物降解途径,特别是涉及的基因,仍然在很大程度上没有特征.

研究的目的:

为了识别和描述负责废水中甲胺分解的基因和酶.
阐明通过微生物酶进行甲胺水解的生化机制和结构基础.

主要方法:

从能够降解甲胺的活性污泥中分离细菌.
基因克隆,表达和净化甲胺降解复合体 (MfmAB).
生物化学测试以确定酶动力学和基质特异性.
进行X射线晶体学以确定MfmAB复合体的结构.
部位定向突变发生,以确定关键的活性部位残留物.

主要成果:

确定了两种基因,mfmA和mfmB,它们编码了一个依赖的尿素酶复合体 (MfmAB).
MfmAB有效地将甲福胺化为二甲基胺和氨酸 (kcat/KM = 9.6 × 10^3 M^-1s^-1).
晶体结构揭示了在MfmA活性位点协调的离子,这对催化至关重要.
突变性研究确切地指出了对甲胺水解必不可少的关键残留物.
在全球的污水处理厂中发现了mfmAB基因,这表明其分布广泛.

结论:

酶复合体MfmAB负责废水中的甲福林的微生物分解.
这种依赖的化酶对甲胺具有很高的特异性.
由于mfmAB基因的广泛存在,这表明在环境中有重要的微生物途径用于甲胺修复.

关键词:

生物降解生物降解人的肠道微生物组金属氨酸酸酶的使用方法甲胺是一种甲胺.尼克尔尼克尔是什么意思

更多相关视频

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

Published on: August 23, 2019

相关概念视频

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...

Microbial Nutrition

Microbial Nutrition

Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.

Microbial Corrosion

Microbial Corrosion

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...