在健康老龄化中减缓运动是对高精力景观的合理经济反应
Erik M Summerside1, Robert J Courter1,2, Reza Shadmehr3
1Departments of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309.
概括
老年人移动速度较慢,因为老化增加了运动所需的努力. 这种提升的努力景观促使大脑产生合理的经济反应,以节省能量.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类运动科学科学 人类运动科学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 衰老与较慢的运动速度有关.
- 老年人的活力下降可能源于大脑奖励回路的衰退或运动力度增加.
- 与年龄相关的运动减速的确切原因仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 调查与年龄相关的运动减速主要是由于增加的体力劳动或减少的奖励估值.
- 区分努力成本和奖励价值在调节老化中的运动速度中的作用.
主要方法:
- 量化了在年轻人和老年人中达到运动的代谢能量成本.
- 在运动启动和速度上对增加奖励大小的评估反应.
- 在年轻人中操纵运动的努力,以模拟衰老的各个方面.
主要成果:
- 与年轻人相比,老年人花费更多的代谢能量来达到运动.
- 无论是年轻人还是老年人,都会增加运动启动速度,从而获得更高的回报.
- 年长的成年人,与年轻人不同,在努力很高时,不会增加运动速度以获得更高的回报.
- 年轻的成年人,当受到增加的运动努力时,模仿老年人的不愿意增加速度以获得奖励.
结论:
- 随着年龄的增长,运动在客观上变得更加费力.
- 与年龄相关的减速似乎是一种适应策略,用于管理增加的努力成本.
- 老年人中较慢的运动可能代表大脑做出合理的经济决定,以减轻增加的努力需求.
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