青少年吸毒开始和长期神经生物学结果:见解,挑战和机会
Olga D Boer1,2, Hanan El Marroun1,2, Ryan L Muetzel3,4
1Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies - Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Molecular psychiatry
|February 27, 2024
概括
青少年吸毒可以改变大脑发育,长期的酒精和烟草使用与较小的前额皮层有关. 大麻,兴奋剂和阿片类药物使用也显示出青少年的显著,多样化的大脑结构变化.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 青春期是大脑发育和增加冒险行为的一个关键时期.
- 青春期吸毒可能对大脑结构和功能产生长期影响.
- 有限的研究综合了关于青少年开始使用物质和随后的大脑结果的神经成像证据.
研究的目的:
- 审查和总结有关青少年开始使用物质对大脑结构和微观结构的长期影响的现有文献.
- 在不同类型的物质中识别神经成像发现的一致模式和变化.
- 为解释当前发现和指导未来研究提供建议.
主要方法:
- 系统审查神经成像研究,检查青少年吸毒的长期影响.
- 对结构和微结构神经成像 (MRI) 数据的分析.
- 在可用的情况下,包括具有重复神经成像评估的研究.
主要成果:
- 长期的酒精和烟草使用与较小的前额皮层和改变的白质微观结构 (ACC,insula,subcortical,OFC) 相关.
- 大麻使用与前额和海马体积的改变有关,自开始以来的持续时间影响了区域大小.
- 兴奋剂和阿片类药物的使用与皮质膜,岛膜,额叶皮质和皮下/岛膜体积的变化有关.
结论:
- 青少年开始使用物质与大脑结构和微观结构的显著,特定物质的长期变化有关.
- 药物使用的持续时间和开始使用的时间是影响观察到的大脑变化的重要因素.
- 研究设计的可变性需要谨慎的解释,并强调在未来的研究中需要标准化的方法.
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