需要CD4+和CD8+T细胞来防止SARS-CoV-2在鼻腔区内持续存在
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 27, 2024
概括
在鼻子中,T细胞对控制SARS-CoV-2至关重要,但在肺部则不那么重要. 耗尽CD4+和CD8+T细胞导致持续性鼻腔感染和病毒突变.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 呼吸系统医学 呼吸系统医学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 导致COVID-19,这是一个全球健康问题.
- 感染SARS-CoV-2引起了病毒特异性的CD4+和CD8+T细胞反应.
- 在呼吸道中控制SARS-CoV-2的T细胞的作用尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究CD4+和CD8+T细胞在控制上下呼吸道的SARS-CoV-2感染中的不同作用.
- 为了确定T细胞枯竭对小鼠模型病毒清除和突变的影响.
主要方法:
- 在C57BL/6小鼠中感染了SARS-CoV-2变种 (B.1.351).
- 在感染前使用特定抗体的T细胞枯竭.
- 在呼吸道组织中评估病毒载量,病毒培养能力和病毒基因组测序.
- 在现场杂交,以检测鼻上表皮的持续性病毒感染.
主要成果:
- 特定于SARS-CoV-2的CD4+和CD8+T细胞被招募到呼吸道,其中许多分泌Granzyme B.
- 在肺部,T细胞在病毒控制中起到较小的作用;即使没有CD4+和CD8+T细胞,病毒清除也会发生.
- CD4+和CD8+T细胞的消耗,但不是单独的,导致鼻腔区内持续的,可培养的SARS-CoV-2.
- 在T细胞枯竭的小鼠中,持久性鼻腔感染显示病毒突变,包括ORF6缺失.
结论:
- 在呼吸道不同区域内,CD4+和CD8+T细胞在控制SARS-CoV-2中发挥着不同的作用.
- T细胞对于清除SARS-CoV-2从鼻腔区的重要作用,防止病毒的持久性和突变.
- 这些发现强调了T细胞介导免疫在控制COVID-19等呼吸道病毒感染方面的关键重要性.
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