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相关概念视频

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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白质中的长距离连接损伤高强度影响信息处理速度.

Tong Lu1, Zan Wang2, Yixin Zhu2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.

Brain communications
|February 27, 2024
PubMed
概括

白质过强度会破坏大脑网络,特别是枢纽区域的远程连接. 这种连接性障碍与脑小血管疾病患者的认知能力下降相关.

关键词:
大脑小血管疾病是大脑小血管疾病.认知障碍是一种认知障碍.连接ome 连接ome 连接ome功能连接性的功能连接性白质的超强度是白质的超强度.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 医疗成像医学成像
  • 认知神经学 认知神经学

背景情况:

  • 白质高强度 (WMH) 是大脑小血管疾病的关键标志物.
  • 干扰神经网络,导致认知功能障碍.
  • 了解WMH对大脑枢纽连接的影响对于阐明认知障碍至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查WMH如何影响大脑枢纽连接模式.
  • 探索WMH患者中被破坏的连接和认知功能之间的关系.
  • 确定受WMH影响的特定大脑区域和连接类型.

主要方法:

  • 利用基于voxel的图形理论方法来分析功能连接强度.
  • 对比36名中度至重度WMH患者 (Fazekas分数≥3) 与34名健康对照.
  • 进行了全面的神经心理评估和休息状态功能性MRI扫描.

主要成果:

  • WMH患者在情节性记忆,执行功能和处理速度方面表现出显著的缺陷.
  • 选择性地损害了WMH高度连接的枢纽区域,包括前额叶皮质,前骨和丘脑.
  • 连接中断取决于距离,而远程连接 (100-150毫米) 最受影响.

结论:

  • 枢纽连接中断,特别是在远程连接中,是将WMH与认知功能障碍联系起来的关键机制.
  • 这些发现凸显了脑小血管疾病中特定脑枢纽和远程网络的脆弱性.
  • 针对这些连接性障碍可能为WMH患者的认知障碍提供治疗途径.