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成长和达到顶部:一项纵向研究游泳表现及其潜在特征在有才华的游泳者
Aylin Kim Post1, Ruud Hans Koning2, Chris Visscher1
1Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Journal of sports sciences
|February 27, 2024
概括
精英游泳者在青春期早期表现出更快的发育. 较高的初始性能和速度和冲击指数的更快增长是达到游泳精英水平的关键.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 儿科表演 儿科表演
- 人才识别 人才识别
背景情况:
- 青春期是年轻游泳运动员表现发展的关键时期,身体成熟与体育成长保持一致.
- 在职业生涯早期确定有望达到精英水平的游泳运动员对于有针对性的发展至关重要.
- 以前的研究还没有完全阐明青春期中精英游泳者区分的特定发育轨迹.
研究的目的:
- 了解精英泳道上的游泳者与非精英泳道上的游泳者之间的发育差异.
- 分析有才华的游泳者在青春期的表现特征及其发展.
- 确定初级游泳运动员中精英潜力的早期指标.
主要方法:
- 在三个赛季中对90名有才华的初级游泳运动员 (男性13-15岁,女性12-14岁) 进行了纵向研究.
- 收集了关于赛季最佳时间 (SBT),人体测量,最大游泳速度,中风指数 (SI) 和反运动跳跃 (CMJ) 的数据.
- 根据SBT,在16岁 (男性) 和15岁 (女性) 的年轻游泳运动员被分类为高表现或低表现的年轻游泳运动员.
主要成果:
- 高绩效的晚年青少年主要被认为是从初级年龄 (13名男性,12名女性) 开始的精英,在整个青春期表现出更快的SBT.
- 早期的初级高表现者在最大游泳速度,SI,CMJ和身高方面明显表现出色,与表现较差的同龄人相比.
- 在青春期的高表现游泳者中,最大游泳速度 (两性) 和SI (男性) 的发展速度更快.
结论:
- 较高的初始绩效水平和初级年轻人早期的基本特征对于保持精英轨迹至关重要.
- 在青春期关键绩效指标中,更快的发育率显著促进了持续的精英潜力.
- 早期识别和针对速度和冲击效率的有针对性的训练对于培养精英游泳者至关重要.
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