预防性抗凝药用于预防急性心肌梗塞后的左心室血栓:系统审查和元分析
Ethan Sacoransky1, Danny Yu Jia Ke1, Bryce Alexander2
1Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
The American journal of cardiology
|February 27, 2024
概括
预防性抗凝药可以减少ST升高心肌梗塞患者的左心室血栓 (LVT),但会增加出血风险. 目前的证据是不确定的,需要进一步的研究,以获得最佳的治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 干预心脏病学 干预心脏病学
- 血栓形成研究研究
背景情况:
- 目前的指导方针建议在前侧ST升高心肌梗塞 (STEMI) 中使用预防性抗凝剂,以预防左心室血栓 (LVT).
- 支持这些指南的证据的确定性很低,基于案例研究和专家共识.
- 在现代初级穿皮冠状动脉干预 (PCI) 的背景下,预防性抗凝剂的疗效和安全性需要重新评估.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较预防性抗凝药加双抗血小板治疗 (三重治疗) 与单独双抗血小板治疗的安全性和有效性.
- 评估对左心室血栓 (LVT) 形成,主要出血和前侧ST升高心肌梗塞 (STEMI) 患者的全身血栓形成的影响,这些患者正在接受初级皮肤穿冠状动脉干预 (PCI).
主要方法:
- 在EMBASE,MEDLINE和Cochrane图书馆的系统文献搜索 (2012年1月 - 2022年6月).
- 包括5项研究 (1项RCT,4项追溯) 涉及1461名患者.
- 使用固定效应模型计算几率比率 (OR) 和95%置信区间 (CI) 的元分析.
主要成果:
- 三重治疗显著降低了LVT的形成 (OR 0.28,95% CI 0.11-0.73).
- 三重治疗显著增加了主要出血率 (OR 2.85,95% CI 1.13-7.24).
- 三重和双重抗血小板治疗组之间系统栓塞率没有显著差异 (OR 0.37,95% CI 0.12-1.13).
结论:
- 这一元分析显示,没有确的证据支持或反驳三重疗法,以预防LVT在先前的STEMI患者接受初级PCI治疗.
- 这些发现强调了减少LVT形成和预防性抗凝血治疗增加出血风险之间的权衡.
- 高质量,充足的随机对照试验对于最终评估三重治疗预防LVT的益处风险概况至关重要.
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