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相关概念视频

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Design Consideration01:22

Design Consideration

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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
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Shrinkage in Concrete01:27

Shrinkage in Concrete

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Shrinkage in concrete is primarily due to water loss from evaporation, hydration of cement, or carbonation, leading to a reduction in volume. The volumetric contraction results in volumetric strain in concrete. However, in practice, shrinkage is measured as linear strain, which is one-third of the volumetric strain.
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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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相关实验视频

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An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
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私营公共风险池和选择退出框架对北克和不列颠哥伦比亚省加拿大房屋所有者的地震保护需求的影响.

Howard Kunreuther1, Lynn Conell-Price1,2, Bohan Li3,4

  • 1Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
|February 27, 2024
PubMed
概括

公私风险池和选择退出注册显著提高了不列颠哥伦比亚省 (BC) 和北克省地震保险的吸收率. 这些策略提高了对必要的防灾需求.

关键词:
加拿大加拿大加拿大加拿大加拿大加拿大地震保险是对地震进行的保险.实验 实验 实验 实验 实验框架框架的框架是什么公私风险组合的风险组合

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科学领域:

  • 环境科学 环境科学
  • 经济学 经济学 经济学
  • 公共政策 公共政策

背景情况:

  • 地震风险对北克和不列颠哥伦比亚省 (BC) 的房主构成重大威胁.
  • 目前对地震保险的采用率不足以达到最佳水平,需要创新的政策解决方案.
  • 了解消费者行为对于设计有效的保险计划至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 分析默认期权和保险计划结构对地震保护需求的影响.
  • 为了比较私人保险,公私风险池和opt-in/opt-out注册策略的有效性.
  • 为加拿大地震保险的政策决策提供信息.

主要方法:

  • 基于网络的选择实验与北克和不列颠哥伦比亚省的房主进行.
  • 参与者被介绍了不同的保险计划结构 (私人与公私风险池) 和入学设计 (选择与选择退出).
  • 使用统计分析,包括赔率比率,来确定这些因素对购买概率的影响.

主要成果:

  • 与私人计划相比,公私风险池在不列颠哥伦比亚省和北克省显著增加了购买地震保险 (赔率比率≥2.7) 的可能性.
  • 与选项注册相比,选择退出注册大大提高了地震防护的普及率.
  • 调查结果强调了框架和默认选项对消费者决策的强大影响.

结论:

  • 转向公私风险池和实施选择退出注册是增加地震保险覆盖率的有效策略.
  • 政策干预可以显著提高家庭对地震事件的准备.
  • 这些发现对加拿大的灾害风险管理和保险政策有直接影响.