智力障碍成年人的生活方式修改干预:在干预和组件层面的系统审查和元分析
D Rana1, S Westrop1,2, N Jaiswal1
1Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR
|February 28, 2024
概括
改变生活方式的干预措施对于智力障碍 (ID) 的成年人来说,在降低健康风险,如饮食不良和久坐不动行为方面表现出混合的有效性. 量身定制的方法和与有实践经验的人共同制作对于未来的成功至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 智力障碍 (ID) 的成年人表现出高水平的健康风险行为,包括饮食不良,久坐不动的习惯,吸烟和饮酒.
- 改变生活方式的干预措施对于减轻该人口中相关的负面健康结果至关重要.
- 本综述评估了这种干预措施及其对成年IDS患者的组成部分的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析生活方式修改干预措施及其具体组成部分在解决成年人IDs健康风险行为方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 进行了系统性审查和对截至2022年2月发表的随机对照试验 (RCT) 和非随机对照试验 (非RCT) 的元分析.
- 包括的研究是针对成年人 (≥18岁) 患有ID的酒精消费,吸烟,低身体活动,久坐行为和不良饮食.
- 在干预和组件层面采用双向和网络元分析,利用行为变化分类学和评估偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 包括80项涉及4805名参与者的研究;确定了影响干预结果的六个核心组成部分.
- 对酒精和吸烟的干预措施在有限的证据下显示出有效性;对身体活动和饮食的干预措施产生了混合的结果.
- 体重管理干预没有显示出统计学上显著的变化;饮食,运动和行为改变技术的组合显示出最多的体重减轻.
结论:
- 这是对ID成年人的生活方式干预措施的首次全面审查,与有生活经验的人共同制作.
- 未来的研究应该优先考虑混合方法方法,量身定制的干预措施和针对这一群体的强有力的方法.
- 传播发现和持续的PPI参与对于设计有效,以人为中心的干预措施至关重要.
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