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相关概念视频

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

209
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
209
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
61
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

77
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
77
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

98
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
98
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

233
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
233
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

222
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
222

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 5, 2026

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
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肠道微生物群和认知表现:一种双向的双样本孟德尔随机化.

Qian Wang1, Yu-Xiang Song2, Xiao-Dong Wu2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.

Journal of affective disorders
|February 28, 2024
PubMed
概括

一些肠道细菌会对认知表现产生负面影响,而其他细菌则会提供保护. 这项研究使用门德尔的随机化来探索肠道微生物群和认知之间的因果关系,这表明了潜在的治疗点.

关键词:
有因果关系的相关性.认知表现 认知表现我们的肠道微生物群.大规模的分析分析.门德尔的随机化

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Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 微生物组研究的研究.
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 人们越来越认识到肠道微生物群在神经和精神疾病中的作用.
  • 然而,肠道细菌与认知功能之间的直接因果关系尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 用两样本的孟德尔随机化 (MR) 方法研究肠道微生物群对认知表现的因果关系.
  • 识别与对认知的有害或保护性影响相关的特定细菌种群.

主要方法:

  • 利用了肠道微生物群 (n=18,340) 和认知表现 (n=257,841) 的大型全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 数据.
  • 采用多种MR方法,包括反变量加权 (IVW),MR Egger和加权中位数.
  • 评估异质性和水平向性,以确保结果的有效性.

主要成果:

  • 一些属,包括Roseburia,Blautia,Catenibacterium和Oxalobacter,显示出与认知表现的负面关联.
  • 相反,像Bacteroidaceae和Rikenellaceae这样的家族,以及像Bacteroides和Ruminococcus torques组这样的属,与改善的认知功能有关.
  • 在对多次测试进行邦费罗尼校正后,结果很强大.

结论:

  • 特定的肠道微生物群组成因果关系地影响认知表现.
  • 针对有益或有害的肠道细菌是提高相关人群认知功能的潜在策略.
  • 这些发现可能会导致新的干预措施,以改善认知健康和生活质量.