协调的炎症反应决定了水库蝙蝠对马尔堡病毒的控制
Jonathan C Guito1, Shannon G M Kirejczyk1,2,3, Amy J Schuh1
1Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Nature communications
|February 28, 2024
概括
埃及罗塞特蝙蝠 (ERBs) 通过限制炎症,耐受马堡病毒 (MARV). 抑制这种反应会增加病毒的复制和疾病,揭示了对控制动物传染病溢出至关重要的双重免疫战略.
科学领域:
- 病毒学和免疫学 病毒学和免疫学
- 动物传染病研究研究
- 生态学和进化生物学.
背景情况:
- 蝙蝠,特别是埃及蝙蝠 (ERB),是马尔堡病毒 (MARV) 等新兴动物性病毒的天然储存库.
- 无症状的ERB携带MARV,表明一种独特的宿主-病原体关系,涉及特定的免疫适应.
- 之前的研究表明,ERB采用一种耐病策略,限制全身炎症以防止免疫病理.
研究的目的:
- 研究ERBs积极控制MARV复制的宿主抵抗机制.
- 确定局部性,促炎反应在限制MARV负担和疾病中的作用.
- 评估实验性减弱炎症反应对MARV复制,脱落和病理学的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用德克萨米他来抑制MARV感染ERBs的炎症反应.
- 评估了MARV复制,病毒分泌 (口腔/直肠) 和肝脏病理.
- 在感染部位分析局部免疫细胞透 (单核细胞,T细胞).
主要成果:
- 被MARV感染的ERB自然会在肝脏中表现出局部的促炎反应,包括免疫细胞的招募和T细胞的增殖.
- 减少的炎症反应导致MARV复制增加,病毒分泌增加,以及严重的MVD类肝病理.
- 在ERB中,疾病耐受性和针对MARV的有针对性的抗炎性之间存在平衡.
结论:
- ERBs使用双重免疫策略:全身耐受性和局部炎症来控制MARV感染.
- 针对性炎症对于控制病毒复制和预防ERB中严重疾病至关重要.
- 影响ERB免疫力的环境压力因素可能会增加MARV的分泌和动物传播的风险.
相关概念视频
01:28Rabies
Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
01:25Arboviral Encephalitis
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
01:25Inhibitors Of Virion Release
Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...