相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 2, 2025

04:10
Creating Avian Forebrain Chimeras to Assess Facial Development
Published on: February 18, 2021
1.1K
北极的头部和身体形状的基因组基础在北极的ecomorph对
Sam Fenton1, Arne Jacobs1, Colin W Bean1,2
1School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Molecular ecology
|February 29, 2024
概括
由于遗传因素,北极 (Salvelinus alpinus) 在头部和身体形状方面表现出平行演变. 这些基因组支柱在不同种群之间有所不同,但也揭示了三文鱼物种之间共享的遗传基础.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 北极 (Salvelinus alpinus) 种群表现出平行适应辐射到不同的生态形态.
- 生态形态差异,特别是头部和身体的形状,反映了专门的利基用途.
- 了解跨复制种群的基因组基础的一致性对于平行进化研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查苏格兰北极的头部和身体形状形态学平行分歧的基因组基础.
- 为了确定与生态形态特征相关的基因组区域是否在独立种群中共享.
- 探索共享的鱼类定量特征位点 (QTLs) 在北极虫生态形成中的作用.
主要方法:
- 基因组范围的关联研究 (GWAS) 针对四对类动物-植物类动物北极类动物共形体进行.
- 确定了与头部和身体形状相关的单核酸多态 (SNP).
- 关联的SNP在ecomorph对中进行了比较,并映射到鱼QTL数据库中.
主要成果:
- 许多SNP与头部形状 (89) 和身体形状 (180) 相关,其中50个与两者相关.
- 对于每个特征,在所有ecomorph对中共享的SNP很少 (3为头形状,10为身体形状).
- 许多已识别的SNP位于已知的鱼形态QTLs内或附近,这表明保存的遗传结构.
结论:
- 北极的平行生态型差异涉及人口特异性和共享的基因组因素.
- 环境和人口历史可能会影响每个湖泊分歧的特定遗传基础.
- 在鱼类物种中存在着对形态学的保存遗传基础,这有助于并行进化.
相关概念视频
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K
Lampbrush Chromosomes
7.9K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
7.9K
Genetics of Speciation
19.2K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
19.2K
Hybrid Zones
17.0K
Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
17.0K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
8.5K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.5K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K

