"灾难性"对婴儿对象的能力设置尺寸限制:系统性审查和贝叶斯元分析
Jinjing Jenny Wang1, Melissa M Kibbe2
1Department of Psychology & Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Developmental science
|February 29, 2024
概括
婴儿表现出一个"灾难性"的限制,代表超过三个隐藏的物体. 这一系统性审查和元分析证实了婴儿数值认知的这一局限性,同时支持他们追踪更少项目的能力.
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 婴儿可以追踪少量的物体,但当超过三个被遮住时可能会失败.
- 由于依赖小规模研究,婴儿的这种"灾难性"设置尺寸限制受到争议.
- 需要强有力的证据来证实早期数值认知的局限性.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和对婴儿对象表示限制的现有研究进行元分析.
- 评估拟议的婴儿"灾难性"设置尺寸限制的稳定性和可靠性.
- 评估婴儿能够表示小于四个物体的数量能力的证据.
主要方法:
- 进行了对调查婴儿数值认知的研究的系统审查.
- 对22项涉及367名婴儿 (10-20个月) 的实验数据进行了贝叶斯元分析.
- 分析了"灾难性"失败 (>=4个对象) 和成功 (<4个对象) 的证据.
主要成果:
- 在表示四个或更多封闭对象时,发现了对婴儿存在灾难性设置尺寸限制的强有力的支持.
- 发现对婴儿表示不到四个对象的数量能力的适度支持.
- 分析表明,这些局限性在研究中是强大的.
结论:
- 这些发现提供了强有力的证据,证明婴儿代表较大数量的能力受到重大限制.
- 这支持了那些暗示数字认知早期信息处理限制的理论.
- 与老年人相比,婴儿的认知发展在数量表示上表现出明显的局限性.
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