刻板印象提升和刻板印象威胁对子组的影响意味着认知测试的差异:成年人样本的元分析
Reed Priest1, Annie Griebie1, You Zhou1
1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
The Journal of applied psychology
|February 29, 2024
概括
刻板印象提升 (SL) 略有影响认知测试表现,最新的元分析显示效果大小小小. 认知测试中的群体差异主要是由群体之间的因素驱动的,而不是刻板印象的威胁或提升.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 刻板印象威胁 (ST) 研究表明,负面刻板印象会损害表现.
- 刻板印象提升 (SL) 的研究较少,定义为通过不被负面刻板印象而提高表现.
- 沃尔顿和科恩 (2003) 之前的元分析发现了SL的影响 (d = 0.24).
研究的目的:
- 进行对刻板印象提升 (SL) 对认知测试表现的影响进行更新的元分析.
- 对SL效应进行调节者分析.
- 为了比较SL的相对贡献,刻板印象威胁 (ST) 和小组之间的影响,对子组的平均差异.
主要方法:
- 关于刻板印象提升 (SL) 和认知测试表现的研究的更新元分析.
- 包括SL的额外样本和调节者分析.
- 对群体间效应 (多数与少数之间的差异) 的元分析,以与ST和SL效应进行比较.
主要成果:
- 刻板印象提升 (SL) 表明对认知测试表现的影响很小 (d = 0.09).
- 认知测试中的子组平均差异主要由组间效应解释.
- 刻板印象威胁 (ST) 和刻板印象提升 (SL) 的影响对这些平均差异的贡献较小.
结论:
- 刻板印象提升对认知测试表现的直接影响很小.
- 群体间的差异是分组之间的认知测试分数差异的主要驱动因素.
- 刻板印象威胁和提升对这些差异的影响比以前认为的要小.
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