消除红疹和先天性红疹综合征的进展 - 全球,2012-2022年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|February 29, 2024
概括
红疹疫苗接种显著减少了病例和出生缺陷. 全球努力增加了疫苗覆盖率,90%的国家现在提供疫苗,更接近全球消除红疹.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 红疹病毒会导致疫苗可以预防的出生缺陷,包括先天性红疹综合征 (CRS).
- 怀孕期间的红疹感染带来严重的风险,如流产,胎儿死亡和新生儿终身残疾.
- 全球倡议旨在消除红疹,这是"2030年疫苗接种议程"的一个关键目标.
研究的目的:
- 报告2012年至2022年间全球消除红疹和CRS的进展情况.
- 评估含有红疹疫苗 (RCV) 引入率和婴儿疫苗接种率的增加.
- 评估了实现已核实消除红疹的国家的数量.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自世界卫生组织 (WHO) 194个国家的关于将RCV纳入免疫计划的数据.
- 追踪全球婴儿红疹疫苗接种覆盖率.
- 从2012年到2022年审查报告的红疹病例和验证的红疹消除状态.
主要成果:
- 在世卫组织国家中,RCV被纳入国家免疫计划的比例从68%上升到90% (从132到175).
- 全球针对红疹的婴儿疫苗接种覆盖率从40%增加到68%.
- 报告的风疹病例减少了81% (2012年为93,816例,到2022年为17,407例),并且51%的国家在2022年之前实现了消除风疹的目标.
结论:
- 通过增加RCV吸收,在预防和消除红疹和CRS方面取得了显著的全球进展.
- 尽管取得了进展,但每年有2500万婴儿仍然无法获得RCV,这凸显了持续存在的挑战.
- 在许多国家,甚至是复杂的环境中,持续消除红疹,表明实现全球红疹根除的可行性.
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