英语学习儿童对突出音调轮的解释的发育变化 在词语学习中
Carolyn Quam1,2, Daniel Swingley2
1Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
概括
学习英语的孩子在30个月左右就有能力忽略单词的音调变化. 这一发展里程碑有助于他们专注于母音,以识别单词.
科学领域:
- 儿童语言习得 儿童语言习得
- 发展心理语言学
- 音声学的发展.
背景情况:
- 在像英语这样的语调语言中,有效的单词识别需要孩子们忽视音调变化作为词汇对比.
- 在英语学习儿童中,这种语音约束的发展时间表尚未完全理解.
- 之前的研究探讨了长达30个月的时间,在描述更广泛的发育轨迹方面留下了一个空白.
研究的目的:
- 研究关于英语学习儿童音调变化的语音约束的发育轨迹.
- 通过测试年龄较小的儿童 (18和24个月) 和年龄较大的儿童 (3-5岁) 来扩展先前的研究.
- 为了确定儿童可靠地忽视音高的年龄,作为词汇对比.
主要方法:
- 使用24个月和3至5岁儿童的语言导向外观方法,以及18个月儿童的Switch习惯化方法.
- 采用了与之前的研究相同的声学对比 (音调与元音) (Quam & Swingley,2010).
- 在18个月大的小组中,在训练期间引入了语音变化.
主要成果:
- 3至5岁的孩子注意到母音的变化,但不是音调的变化,这表明有声学约束.
- 24个月的孩子惊人地忽略了音调和有时母音的变化,这与之前的发现相矛盾.
- 18个月的孩子学会了与音调和元音对比的单词,无论语音变异性如何,都没有表现出母语的语音约束.
结论:
- 母语声学约束,特别是排除音高作为词汇对比,在学习英语的儿童中在30个月前并不明显.
- 这些发现表明,这种约束的发展时间比以前认为的24个月大组要晚.
- 这项研究完善了我们对早期语言学习中语音处理的发育时间表的理解.
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