一个词或一个伪词? 高度衰老期间命名和词汇决策任务中的词汇效应
Carlos Rojas1, Marilyn San Martín1, Paula Urzúa2
1Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
PloS one
|February 29, 2024
概括
80岁以上的老年人表现出较慢的词和伪词识别,伪词难度增加,表明认知衰老影响词汇处理. 这种效应在80岁以后更加明显.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 伪词识别比整个生命周期的词识别要困难得多.
- 高度衰老 (80岁以上) 涉及流体智能下降影响处理速度,与结晶智能增长形成鲜明对比.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究晚年衰老 (第三和第四年龄) 中的词汇效应.
- 探索60岁及以上个体的词和伪词识别能力如何变化.
主要方法:
- 词汇效应通过命名和词汇决策任务来衡量.
- 通过使用线性回归来比较跨年龄组 (60-69岁,70-79岁,80岁以上) 的响应时间和准确性.
主要成果:
- 80岁以上的组表现出较慢的响应时间和较低的准确性,无论是单词和伪词.
- 观察到一个显著的词汇效应,伪词的成本更高,特别是在词汇决策任务中.
- 伪词识别显示了对认知能力下降的弹性,直到80岁以后.
结论:
- 流体智力下降影响了高级老龄化中的词汇识别速度.
- 结晶智能可能支持准确性,特别是在老年早期.
- 伪词识别表现出显著的对认知能力下降的抵抗力,直到生命的第九个十年.
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