对于临床人工智能来说,公正意味着什么:局部公平性和适合目的之间的冲突?
1Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cardiff and Vale UHB, Cardiff, UK michal.pruski@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk.
Journal of medical ethics
|February 29, 2024
概括
确保临床人工智能 (AI) 的公平性需要平衡地方定制与普遍利益. 这项研究探讨了"本地公平"以使人工智能在不同的人口中公平.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 呼吁非歧视性临床人工智能为所有社会成员提供公平的利益.
- 临床人工智能需要根据当地人口量身定制,以适应目的.
- 当地定制和人工智能对代表性不足的群体的有效性之间的潜在冲突.
研究的目的:
- 在临床人工智能 (AI) 中探索本地公平的生物伦理概念.
- 检查AI的本地适应及其在不同患者群体中的公平应用之间的紧张关系.
- 确定在临床AI中实现适应性和公平性的潜在解决方案.
主要方法:
- 关于医疗保健和人工智能的公平性和不平等性的文献综述.
- 讨论在实施地方公平性方面的技术挑战.
- 整合法治方面的考虑,以将问题置于背景.
- 对当地公平性提出的技术解决方案的分析.
主要成果:
- 确定了将人工智能定制到当地人口之间以及确保其对所有个体的有效性之间的潜在冲突.
- 突出了在临床AI中实施本地公平性的技术和生物伦理考虑.
- 检查了法律相似之处,以将公平性挑战置于背景.
- 评估了各种技术解决方案,以解决当地公平问题.
结论:
- 在临床AI中实现本地公平性是复杂的,需要仔细考虑道德和技术因素.
- 有潜在的技术解决方案存在,但需要进一步开发和验证.
- 目标是开发出适合本地目的的AI,并公平对待所有患者,无论其特征如何.
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