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相关概念视频

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

119
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
119
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

240
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
240
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

171
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
171
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

358
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
358
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

130
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
130
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

205
Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
205

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

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描述基于指令的学习中的声明程序转换.

Hannes Ruge1, Janine Jargow1, Eva Sinning1

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|February 29, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

从指令中学习程序是特定于模式的,这意味着口头指令不会自动转移到手动操作中. 意想不到的是,即使没有实施的指令也显示出学习,这表明了隐藏的模拟.

关键词:
象征性-实用性的转变.通过法令颁布.这是指导的指导.启动初始化 启动初始化快速指导的任务学习学习.这是一部自演自演的作品.工作记忆 工作记忆

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The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

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3.9K
The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 学习科学 学习科学

背景情况:

  • 基于指令的学习通常假定声明知识转化为执行任务的程序知识.
  • 这种程序编码在不同响应模式 (例如,口头与手动) 中的可转移性仍未得到充分探索.

研究的目的:

  • 测试声明程序转换是否是模式特定的,不能转让的.
  • 在程序编码中调查公开实现与仅仅查看的作用.
  • 在指令处理过程中探索潜在的隐蔽响应模拟.

主要方法:

  • 实验1:参与者通过口头或手动,一次或三次实施了新的刺激-反应指令,随后进行了隐式启动测试,评估模式特定编码.
  • 实验2:参与者仅在相同的隐式和显式测试之前查看了新的刺激-反应指令.
  • 隐式启动测试测量了原始和测试响应之间的兼容性影响.

主要成果:

  • 程序编码被发现是特定于模式的,当响应模式保持不变时,效果更强.
  • 显式测试表现 (声明性记忆) 是独立于模式的.
  • 意想不到的是,观察到对非公开实施的模式产生了微小的转移效应,这表明了秘密模拟. 实验2证实了程序编码即使没有实现,比实现的指令得分更高.

结论:

  • 在以指令为基础的学习中,宣言程序转换似乎与响应模式有关.
  • 即使指示没有公开执行,隐蔽响应模拟也可能发生.
  • 这些发现挑战了现有的模型,表明未实施的指令可以导致强大的学习,需要进行理论调整.