在中国婴儿不同脊髓灰质炎连续免疫接种计划后,免疫持久性
Ting Zhao1, Jing Li1, Teng Huang2
1Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
NPJ vaccines
|February 29, 2024
概括
不活化脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (IPV) 和双价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (bOPV) 策略显示,对2型脊髓灰质炎病毒的免疫力正在减弱. 在IPV-IPV-tOPV计划中,所有类型的脊髓灰质炎病毒的抗体水平都保持在高水平.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球消除脊髓灰质炎的努力在2016年从三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (tOPV) 过渡到无活化脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (IPV) 和双价OPV (bOPV).
- 关于当前连续性脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种计划的长期免疫持久性数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估不同顺序无活化脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (IPV) 和双价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (bOPV) 免疫计划的免疫持久性.
- 评估儿童随时间推移的脊髓灰质炎病毒特异抗体标位和阳性率.
主要方法:
- 对1104名参与III期临床试验的血清样本的分析,年龄分别为24,36和48个月.
- 对1型,2型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒的血清中和抗体标位的确定.
- 对不同顺序免疫接种方案的脊髓灰质炎病毒特异性抗体阳性率的评估.
主要成果:
- 在1型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒的抗体阳性率中,在24,36或48个月的组之间没有观察到显著的差异.
- IPV-IPV-tOPV计划显示近100%的2型脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体阳性率,明显高于其他组.
- 一次或两次IPV剂量,其次是bOPV的时间表显示,小儿麻病毒2型特异性抗体的持久性降低.
结论:
- 连续IPV和bOPV计划可能无法充分维持对2型脊髓灰质炎病毒的长期免疫力.
- 在所有三种脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型中保持幽默免疫力方面,IPV-IPV-tOPV计划似乎优越.
- 需要进一步的研究来优化脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种策略,以维持人口免疫力.
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