印度私营部门抗生素消费的决定因素:使用跨截面时间序列数据进行准实验性固定效应回归分析的结果,2011-2019年
Shaffi Fazaludeen Koya1, Senthil Ganesh2, Sakthivel Selvaraj2
1School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. fmshaffi@bu.edu.
Scientific reports
|February 29, 2024
概括
经济进步,社会进步和增加公共卫生投资显著减少了印度的抗生素消费. 较高的国内生产总值,教育和政府卫生支出与私营部门抗生素使用量的减少有关.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 药品使用 药品用途
背景情况:
- 抗生素消费模式在国家间和国家内部表现出显著的变化.
- 关于抗生素消费驱动因素的现有研究主要基于观察性研究.
- 了解决定因素对于抗微生物药物管理和公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查印度私营部门抗生素消费的关键决定因素.
- 分析经济,社会和政府因素对抗生素使用的影响.
- 为旨在减少抗生素消费的政策干预提供证据.
主要方法:
- 准实验性的固定效应回归分析印度州级数据.
- 对抗生素消费的检查 (每年每1000名人口的剂量).
- 包括人均国内生产总值,女童的高等教育入学率和政府卫生支出作为关键变量.
主要成果:
- 人均国内生产总值增加1000卢比 (12.9美元) 与每1000人抗生素消费量减少10.2剂相关.
- 女子高等教育入学率的1%上升与每1000名人口的46.4剂量下降有关.
- 政府人均医疗支出增加表现为最显著的影响,增加12.9美元与每千人口减少461.4剂量有关.
结论:
- 经济发展,社会进步 (特别是女性教育) 和强有力的公共卫生投资是制私营部门抗生素消费的有效策略.
- 政策干预应侧重于加强公共卫生基础设施和促进社会经济发展.
- 这些发现为低收入和中等收入国家对抗微生物药物管理提供了数据驱动的方法.
相关概念视频
00:57Antibiotic Selection
53.5K
Overview
53.5K
01:28Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters
134
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
134
01:12Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
254
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
254
01:19Pharmacovigilance
833
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
833
01:27Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism
3.9K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Such synergistic combinations...
3.9K
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
126
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
126