非受体类型PTPases及其在控制与糖尿病和肝癌相关信号通路中的作用
Nidhee Chaudhary1, Bellam Kiranmayee1
1Centre for Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Expressway, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
|February 29, 2024
概括
非受体蛋白铁酸酶 (PTPases) 调节胰岛素信号传递,影响糖尿病和肝癌 (HCC). 准PTPases可能为这些疾病提供新的治疗方法.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 非受体蛋白铁酸酶 (PTPases) 是细胞信号通路的关键调节者.
- 胰岛素信号转导对于葡萄糖恒温至关重要,并通过氨酸酸化调节.
- 胰岛素抵抗与代谢障碍和肝细胞癌 (HCC) 的发展有关.
研究的目的:
- 阐明非受体类型PTPases在胰岛素信号传递中的作用.
- 探索PTPase活性,胰岛素耐药性和HCC病变发生之间的联系.
- 确定PTPases作为糖尿病和HCC的潜在治疗点.
主要方法:
- 关于PTPase在胰岛素信号传递中的作用的文献综述.
- 对将胰岛素抵抗与HCC联系在一起的分子机制的分析.
- 在这些途径中涉及的特定PTPase (例如,PTP1B,SHP-2) 的识别.
主要成果:
- 非受体PTPases,如PTP1B和SHP-2,可以负面调节胰岛素信号传递.
- 减少PTPase活性可以增强胰岛素敏感性,并可能对抗胰岛素耐药性.
- 在胰岛素耐药状态下失调的胰岛素信号通过增加葡萄糖的可用性来促进HCC的生长.
结论:
- 非受体PTPases是胰岛素信号的关键调节者,在糖尿病和HCC中发挥着重要作用.
- 抑制特定的PTPase是一种有前途的治疗策略,用于控制胰岛素耐药性和治疗HCC.
- 对PTPase介导途径的进一步研究可能会产生新的抗癌和抗糖尿病药物.
相关概念视频
01:27Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
2.5K
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.5K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
3.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K
01:28Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
1.2K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.2K
01:22PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
3.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...
3.6K
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
6.3K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.3K
01:22Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade
8.5K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
8.5K