预防非传染性疾病的法律和监管工具:对经合组织国家评估的范围审查和描述性分析
Maddie Heenan1,2,3, Ashleigh Chanel Hart4, Katherine Cullerton5
1The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5/ 1 King St Newtown, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia. mheenan@georgeinstitute.org.au.
BMC public health
|February 29, 2024
概括
政府监管在预防非传染性疾病 (NCD) 方面最有效,而自我和准监管往往失败. 公共卫生法律评估需要更多关于设计和实施的细节,以便做出更好的政策决策.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生法 公共卫生法
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 监管科学 监管科学
背景情况:
- 公共卫生法对于预防非传染性疾病至关重要.
- 存在各种不同的监管方法,包括政府,共同,准和自我监管.
- 了解法律设计特征在NCD预防中的有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对经合组织国家在NCD预防方面使用的法律工具进行描述性分析.
- 探索这些法律文书的设计特征及其有效性.
- 识别导致NCD预防政策成功或失败的因素.
主要方法:
- 对四个健康和法律数据库 (Scopus,EMBASE,MEDLINE,HeinOnline) 的范围审查.
- 包括评估烟草,酒精,不健康食品/饮料和环境污染物的法规的研究.
- 对研究特征,法律特征,监管方法和报告结果的分析.
主要成果:
- 111项研究评估了126个法律文书;政府监管是最常见和最有效的 (64%).
- 自主监管 (93%无效) 和准监管 (100%无效) 在很大程度上没有成功,特别是在食品和酒精方面.
- 评估往往缺乏关键的设计细节,监测/执法信息不一致.
结论:
- 与自我或准监管相比,政府监管在NCD预防方面取得了更大的成功.
- 将政府监管扩展到食品和酒精行业需要进一步调查.
- 公共卫生法律评估必须提供详细的设计和实施信息,以有效制定政策.
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