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在4个国家,短期暴露于细颗粒物和二氧化和死亡率

Yiqun Ma^1,2, Federica Nobile³, Anne Marb^4,5

¹Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.

JAMA network open

|March 1, 2024

概括

短期暴露于细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和二氧化 (NO2) 增加了每日所有原因的死亡率. 对未测量的混因素进行控制的因果模型,证实了空气污染与全球死亡人数增加之间的联系.

科学领域:

环境健康环境健康
流行病学流行病学
毒理学毒理学毒理学

背景情况:

短期暴露于空气污染与死亡率有关,但因果关系往往被未测量的混因素所掩盖.
之前的研究还没有完全解释混因素的时空变化.

研究的目的:

估计细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和二氧化 (NO2) 度的短期变化与每日所有原因死亡率之间的关联.
应用因果建模方法来控制未测量的时空混因素.

主要方法:

采用来自中国江苏,加利福尼亚,意大利中南部和德国 (2015-2019) 的空气污染和死亡率数据进行的横截面研究.
采用交互式固定效应模型来控制测量和未测量的时空混因素.
分析了8,963,352例死亡的数据.

主要成果:

每日PM2.5的10μg/m3增加与所有地区的日均死亡率增加有关,范围为每10万人口0.01到0.10人死亡.
每日NO2增加10μg/m3也与每日死亡率的增加有关,每10万人中有0.03到0.10人死亡.
通过年龄,性别 (德国) 和城市化 (江苏) 观察到显著的效果修改.

结论:

短期暴露于PM2.5和NO2的增加与所有原因死亡率的增加有关.
交互式固定效应模型有效控制未测量的时空混因素,提供了一种可靠的方法来评估空气污染对健康的影响.
这些发现有助于证据将空气污染与死亡率联系起来,强调需要有效的污染控制策略.

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