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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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形状积分可能是一个进化转移在适应的道路上
Ilia Kohanovski1,2, Martin Pontz1, Pétra Vande Zande3
1School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Molecular biology and evolution
|March 1, 2024
概括
染色体数异常 (aneuploidy) 可以阻碍酵母的适应. 这项研究揭示了状体常常会延迟进化,而不是促进进化,特别是当有益的突变丰富时.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 体积,一个异常的染色体数,在真核生物中很常见,通常会降低适应性.
- 然而,一些动脉化可能在压力下提供适应优势,如在真菌和癌细胞中所见.
- 之前的酵母实验表明,在热应激下,种群变得无体,然后在突变发生后恢复到无体,这表明无体是进化的'脚石'.
研究的目的:
- 为了测试一种假设,即无体质是进化向适应的'脚石'.
- 模拟受压力下的酵母种群的进化动态,同时考虑体积和突变.
- 为了确定进化的欧体种群是否主要来自无体或欧体祖先.
主要方法:
- 利用贝叶斯推断来适应一个结合积体和突变的进化模型与实验性酵母进化数据的进化模型.
- 在整个热应激实验中预测基因型频率动态.
- 分析了有益突变供应对进化轨迹的影响.
主要成果:
- 大多数进化的欧类酵母种群很可能起源于祖先的欧类种群,而不是从无类中间体.
- 有益突变的供应 (种群大小x突变率) 极大地影响了进化结果.
- 高的有益突变供应有利于通过突变适应,绕过无体积的适应性成本.
结论:
- 状体可能会作为进化的'转移',延迟适应,而不是促进它.
- 变为无倍体细胞的细胞可能会比无倍体细胞留下更少的后代,特别是当有益的突变易于获得时.
- 体积在适应中的作用取决于有益突变供应的速度.
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