生态和社会因素影响了蜜蜂中跨种类病原体的发生
Rossella Tiritelli1,2, Simone Flaminio1,3, Laura Zavatta4,5
1CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy.
Scientific reports
|March 1, 2024
概括
意大利的野生蜜蜂经常受到蜜蜂病原体的感染,其中DWV,BQCV,Nosema ceranae和CBPV是最常见的. 环境因素和蜜蜂的特征影响感染风险,突出了需要保护战略.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 病原体的传播 病原体的传播
- 授粉者健康 授粉者健康
背景情况:
- 跨物种病原体的传播很常见,蜜蜂 (Apis mellifera) 作为野生蜜蜂病原体的水库.
- 来自意大利的有限数据阻碍了对病原体对野生蜜蜂种群的溢出影响的评估.
研究的目的:
- 评估意大利各地野生蜜蜂中主要蜜蜂病原体的流行率和丰度.
- 确定影响野生蜜蜂病原体风险和共感染动态的因素.
- 为了告知授粉者健康的保护策略.
主要方法:
- 采样来自意大利11个地区的3372只野生蜜蜂.
- 对10种主要的蜜蜂病原体进行检测:DWV,BQCV,ABPV,CBPV,KBV,Nosema ceranae,Ascosphaera apis,Crithidia mellificae,Lotmaria passim和Crithidia bombi. 这些病原体包括:
- 统计建模以评估蜂群密度,气象条件,农业管理和野生蜜蜂特征对病原体发生的影响.
主要成果:
- 68.4%的野生蜜蜂检测出至少一种病原体.
- 变形翅膀病毒 (DWV),黑皇后细胞病毒 (BQCV),Nosema ceranae和慢性蜜蜂病毒 (CBPV) 是最常见的.
- 同时感染很常见,有40.5%的蜜蜂被两个或两个以上的病原体感染,有些人甚至感染了五种病原体.
- 气象条件,农业管理和特定的野生蜜蜂特征 (双,社区,采矿,小蜜蜂) 显著影响了感染风险.
结论:
- 蜜蜂病原体对意大利的野生蜜蜂种群构成重大威胁.
- 环境和宿主特定因素是病原体溢出和持久性的关键驱动因素.
- 了解这些动态对于开发有效的野生蜜蜂保护和One-Health倡议至关重要.
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