用于检测交互效应的功率计算在横截面阶梯集群随机试验中:对于差异研究的一个重要工具
Chen Yang1,2,3, Asem Berkalieva1,2,3, Madhu Mazumdar1,2,3
1Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
BMC medical research methodology
|March 2, 2024
概括
本研究介绍了在步骤集群随机试验 (SW-CRTs) 中确定样本大小的方法,以检测治疗效应 (HTE) 的异质性. 通用估计方程 (GEE) 方法在检测相互作用效应方面表现出最高的统计能力.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 临床试验 临床试验
背景情况:
- 逐步集群随机试验 (SW-CRTs) 越来越多地被用于医疗保健研究,作为传统集群随机试验 (CRTs) 的替代品.
- 在SW-CRT中确定样本大小的现有方法主要集中在整体治疗效果上.
- 需要方法来确定样本大小,以检测治疗效应 (HTE) 的异质性,例如相互作用效应,特别是对于二进制结果.
研究的目的:
- 提出和评估用于确定样本大小和计算功率的方法,以检测具有二进制结果的SW-CRT中的相互作用效应.
- 调查用于HTE检测的概括估计方程 (GEE) 方法和偏差校正技术 (GEE-KC,GEE-MD) 的性能.
主要方法:
- 使用通用估计方程 (GEE) 方法检测HTE,对边际模型基于GEE近似差异.
- 使用双面瓦尔德测试计算统计功率.
- 考虑了考曼和卡罗尔 (KC) 和曼克尔和德鲁恩 (MD) 的方法作为偏差校正方法 (GEE-KC,GEE-MD).
主要成果:
- GEE方法表现出最高的模拟统计能力,而GEE-MD显示出最低的.
- 在120个集群大小下,GEE实现了80%以上的功率.
- 与平衡的二进制共变量 (50%) 相比,与不平衡的 (30%) 相比,模拟功率增加了.
- 对于中等HTE效应大小,使用GEE提供超过80%功率的100和120的集群大小.
- 对于大型HTE效应大小,至少60的集群大小在所有三种方法中产生了80%以上的功率.
- 与集群规模的增加相比,增加集群数量提供了轻微的权力增长.
- 将集群大小从20个增加到40个 (20个集群) 显著增加了GEE的功率 (53.1%到82.1%).
- 将集群数量从20个增加到40个 (集群大小为20个) 也大大增加了GEE的功率 (53.1%到82.1%).
结论:
- 提出了三种方法来确定SW-CRT中的集群大小,以检测相互作用效应.
- 对于中等和大型HTE效应大小,GEE和GEE-KC都表现出了合理的运行特性.
相关概念视频
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
186
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
186
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
126
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
126
Randomized Experiments
6.9K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Simple randomization
Simple...
6.9K
Study Design in Statistics
8.1K
A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research problem. Statistics is commonly for effective study design and more robust experiments,
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...
8.1K
Hazard Ratio
121
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
For example, in a clinical trial...
121
Two-Way ANOVA
2.6K
The two-way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. It is a statistical test performed on three or more samples categorized by two factors - a row factor and a column factor. Ronald Fischer mentioned it in 1925 in his book 'Statistical Methods for Researchers.'
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the...
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the...
2.6K


