染料对塑料垃圾环境退化的影响
Sarah Key1, Peter G Ryan2, Sarah E Gabbott3
1School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|March 3, 2024
概括
塑料染料对聚合物的稳定性和降解有重大影响. 黑色,白色和银色塑料具有很高的抗性,而特定的蓝色,绿色和红色颜料则加速了微塑料的形成.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
背景情况:
- 塑料的降解有助于全球微塑料污染.
- 塑料对环境的影响影响着全球的生态系统和野生动物.
- 塑料配方中的着色剂在聚合物稳定性中起着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究着色剂对塑料降解的影响.
- 评估不同颜色的塑料在环境暴露下的长期稳定性.
- 了解颜料类型和聚合物光解性降解之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 实验性暴露多种颜色的聚烯瓶顶在三年内适度气候.
- 分析了南非海上堆放的高密度聚乙烯 (HDPE) 容器,与制造日期印相对应的情况.
- 用光谱分析来识别颜料及其与紫外线的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 黑色,白色和银色聚烯样本在三年后呈现出最小的降解.
- 聚烯中的蓝色,绿色和红色颜料明显降解,表明塑料稳定性降低.
- 主要是黑色和白色的HDPE容器,即使在45年后也表现出弹性,这表明碳和二氧化等保护性着色剂.
- 发现特定的颜料 (氨酸,氨酸,二甲) 促进HDPE的紫外线降解,导致脆性和微塑性塑料的形成.
结论:
- 颜料的选择是影响塑料耐用性和环境持久性的关键因素.
- 碳和二氧化作为保护剂,防止HDPE的紫外线降解.
- 强烈吸收紫外线的颜料可以加速塑料分解,增加微塑料的产生.
- 建议对吸收紫外线的颜料进行进一步的研究,以减轻塑料污染.
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