达芬奇二元主义者:心灵与身体的分化在大型语言模型和人类学习者中
Iris Berent1, Alexzander Sansiveri1
1Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science
|March 4, 2024
概括
没有天生的知识的大型语言模型表现出二元主义倾向,这表明心灵与身体的分裂部分是从经验中学到的,而不仅仅是天生的认知.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 思想的哲学 思想的哲学
背景情况:
- 人类直观地感知到心灵与身体的二元主义,将心灵视为与物理身体分开的东西.
- 虽然学习有助于二元论,但先天的核心知识系统也可能在它的出现中发挥作用.
- 关于二元论的获取是否依赖于先天的认知,还是仅仅通过经验来学习,这一争论仍在继续.
研究的目的:
- 通过检查一个没有先天核心知识的大型语言模型 (LLM) 来调查心身二元论的起源.
- 确定二元论是否可以单独从经验中出现,独立于固有的认知系统.
- 评估LLM中的二元倾向及其与模型学习潜力的关系.
主要方法:
- 探测了一个大型语言模型 (Davinci,GPT-3的一部分),以证实心灵与身体的分裂.
- 对比了GPT-3及其继任者GPT-3.5 (text-davinci-003) 之间的二元主义倾向.
- 评估模型对精神状态 (认识状态) 作为无体的选择性考虑.
主要成果:
- 达文西,一个没有核心知识的法学士,表现出二元主义的倾向,表明对心灵与身体的分裂的倾向.
- 随着学习者的诱导潜力增加,二元主义偏差增加,GPT-3.5显示出比GPT-3.5更强的偏差.
- 虽然LLM选择性地将思想视为无体的,并拒绝了死后精神的持久性,但却表现出对生命的二元主义倾向.
结论:
- 心与身体的分界部分可以从经验中学习,独立于先天的核心知识.
- 士学位的研究结果挑战了原生主义理论,即将二元论仅归因于先天的认知系统.
- 虽然不是人类获得的最终结果,但LLM结果需要更高的证明负担来证明二元论的先天理论.
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