期待意想不到的事情:婴儿利用别人的惊喜来修改自己的期望
Yang Wu1, Megan Merrick2, Hyowon Gweon3
1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science
|March 4, 2024
概括
人类婴儿可以利用实验者的惊喜来预测意想不到的结果. 这表明,早期社会学习有助于婴儿通过利用他人的预测错误"期待意想不到的事情".
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 社会学习社会学习
- 婴儿心理学 婴儿心理学
背景情况:
- 人类婴儿对被侵犯的期望有系统的反应.
- 以前的研究表明,婴儿对统计学上可能与不可能的事件的反应.
研究的目的:
- 调查婴儿是否可以利用实验者的惊喜来修改他们自己的期望.
- 为了确定惊喜的社会线索是否影响婴儿预测的修订.
主要方法:
- 婴儿 (N=156,12-18个月) 观察到一个实验者从一个盒子里取样球.
- 实验者在采样后表现出惊或不惊的表情.
- 记录了婴儿在可能与不可能的结果之间观察时间.
主要成果:
- 在没有惊喜的表达之后,婴儿更长时间地观察不太可能的结果,与之前的工作一致.
- 在惊的表情之后,这种典型的注意力模式被反转或消失了.
- 婴儿的期望是由实验者表达的惊喜调节的.
结论:
- 婴儿可以使用惊喜的社会线索来预测意想不到的事件.
- 早期社会学习使婴儿能够利用他人的预测错误来更新自己的预测.
- 这表明他们很早就有能力利用社会信息来"预期意想不到的事情".
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