早期生活压力,识字和阅读障碍:一个进化观点
1Department of Applied Psychology and Human Resources, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada. John.kershner@utoronto.ca.
Brain structure & function
|March 4, 2024
概括
中央自主网络 (CAN) 调节压力,这对于学习阅读至关重要. 早期的压力可能会导致适应,有助于生存,但可能会增加阅读障碍和学术挑战的风险.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 压力和学习在进化过程中相互交织在一起,中央自主网络 (CAN) 调节适度的压力,这对生物适应能力和认知发展至关重要.
- 阅读是一种独特的人类成就,不是基因预先连接的,依赖于视觉处理大脑电路的合作.
研究的目的:
- 探索中央自主网络 (CAN) 在学习阅读的神经生物学基础中的作用.
- 研究如何进化适应早期生活压力影响阅读能力和学校成绩.
主要方法:
- 本综述综合了关于CAN,压力,学习和阅读发展的现有研究.
- 它检查了基因和分子机制,包括基因甲基化和BDNF贩运,以应对生命早期的压力.
主要成果:
- CAN协调阅读的情绪和学习要求,稳定自我控制和注意力.
- 进化适应早期生活压力,而赋予长期好处,如防治葡萄糖皮质激素毒性,可以导致阅读障碍和学校表现不佳.
- 特定的遗传适应 (例如,FKBP5,NR3C1甲基化) 与学业成绩的短期负债有关.
结论:
- 通过调节神经回路,CAN对于学校准备和学习阅读至关重要.
- 虽然适应性,但某些压力诱导的遗传和分子变化可以破坏阅读电路,增加阅读障碍的风险.
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