一个实用意义上的偏见在一般人对科学发现的评价中
1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan.
Psychological science
|March 4, 2024
概括
科学发现影响决策,但未报告的效果大小可能会导致偏见. 忽略效果大小导致人们认为实际意义,影响决策.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 公众在决策过程中依赖科学发现是很常见的.
- 在科学报告中忽略了效果大小,可能会导致对实际意义的偏见性解释.
- 了解人们如何感知和对科学信息作出反应,特别是关于干预有效性的理解,至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查报告效果大小对干预措施认可的影响.
- 在没有报告效果大小时,识别"实际意义偏差"的存在和程度.
- 为了检查个体差异,如算术技能,以响应报告的效果大小.
主要方法:
- 使用Prolific平台对美国成年人 (N = 800) 进行了两项在线研究.
- 参与者接触到媒体报道的干预小,大,或未报告的效果大小.
- 测量了昂贵干预措施的认可,并评估了报告的效果大小和计算技能的影响.
主要成果:
- 没有报告的效果大小的干预措施比具有小效果的干预措施更频繁地得到认可.
- 未报告的效果大小的认可率与大效果大小的认可率相似,表明实际意义偏差.
- 虽然报告效应的大小通常会导致调整的评估,但计算能力较低的人更容易认可小效应.
结论:
- 没有报告的效果大小可能导致过度估计干预措施的实际重要性.
- 报告效应大小的透明度对于公众对科学发现的准确解释至关重要.
- 旨在提高科学素养的干预措施应考虑解决数学的技能,以减轻偏见的决策.
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