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频率调制连续波和飞行时间 LIDAR 用单个光子:一个比较

Theodor Staffas, Ali Elshaari, Val Zwiller

|March 5, 2024

概括

这项研究比较了频率调制连续波 (FMCW) 和飞行时间 (ToF) 光检测和测距 (LIDAR) 技术. 飞行时间LIDAR在低光子条件下显示稳定的精度,性能优于FMCW LIDAR.

科学领域:

光子学和光学传感技术.
先进的3D环境绘图和成像.

背景情况:

光检测和测距 (LIDAR) 对于3D重建至关重要.
频率调制连续波 (FMCW) 和飞行时间 (ToF) 是著名的激光雷达技术.
单光子检测是高灵敏度LIDAR的关键.

研究的目的:

为了比较FMCW和ToF LIDAR的准确性和性能.
在单光子水平上调查LIDAR性能.
评估信号功率和信号噪声比 (SNR) 对LIDAR准确性的影响.

主要方法:

开发了一种使用超导纳米线单光子探测器 (SNSPD) 的双方法激光雷达设置.
在不同的信号强度和SNR进行了FMCW和ToF LIDAR的比较分析.
应用了一个中位数降噪卷积过器来提高图像质量.

主要成果:

FMCW和ToF LIDAR都成功地重建了3D环境,SNR低至0.03.
在低光子模式下,FMCW LIDAR准确性降低.
在测试的光子水平上,ToF LIDAR保持了稳定的准确性.
在LIDAR图像中,中位数消除噪音有效地减少了"盐和胡"噪音.

结论:

与FMCW LIDAR相比,ToF LIDAR在低光子计数场景中表现出卓越的稳定性和稳定的准确性.
开发的单光子级LIDAR系统使得即使在非常低的SNR中也可以进行详细的环境重建.
像中位数消除噪音这样的图像处理技术显著提高了两种LIDAR技术的实际应用性.

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