物理环境分类:对景观易受水媒污染物损失的控制因素分类
Clinton W F Rissmann1,2, Lisa K Pearson3, Ton H Snelder4
1Land and Water Science, Invercargill, New Zealand. clint@landwatersci.net.
Environmental management
|March 5, 2024
概括
景观因素显著影响水质,通常比土地使用更重要. 物理环境分类 (PEC) 有助于识别污染物损失的易感性,指导更好的土地管理,以改善水质.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 水文学的水文学
- 地质科学地质科学是指地球科学.
背景情况:
- 气候,地形学和石质学的空间变化影响水质.
- 仅仅是土地使用压力并不能完全解释水质问题的差异.
- 物理环境分类 (PEC) 框架根据污染物损失的易感性对景观进行分类.
研究的目的:
- 评估PEC类和土地利用对水质污染物的空间变化的贡献.
- 为了比较景观因素与土地利用对污染物度的解释力.
- 用现实数据验证水化成熟的概念模型.
主要方法:
- 使用新西兰的气候,地形和地质数据开发了一个多层次的PEC分类.
- 在国家地表水监测数据 (810个站点) 中应用差异分区分析.
- 量化了PEC类和土地利用对各种水质污染物的影响 (NNN,TKN,DRP,PP,大肠杆菌,度).
主要成果:
- PEC解释了溶解反应 (DRP),颗粒 (PP),大肠杆菌和度 (TURB) 的变化超过了土地使用.
- 总体而言,PEC导致河流污染物度的变化是土地利用的2.1倍.
- 在PEC类之间观察到污染物度的显著差异,与水化成熟概念保持一致.
结论:
- 物理环境分类 (PEC) 是一种强大的工具,用于了解污染物损失的根本原因.
- PEC为有针对性的土地管理策略提供了有价值的见解,以改善水质.
- 根据PEC分类的景观因素在确定水质结果方面发挥着关键作用.
相关概念视频
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
46
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
46
Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume
1.1K
Stormwater detention basins are essential in managing runoff during heavy rainfall, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces increase the risk of flooding. Understanding the conservation of mass in these systems allows engineers to optimize basin performance, balancing inflow, outflow, and water storage.
In the context of a detention basin, the conservation of mass states that the total mass of water entering the basin must equal the mass leaving the basin plus any accumulation of...
In the context of a detention basin, the conservation of mass states that the total mass of water entering the basin must equal the mass leaving the basin plus any accumulation of...
1.1K
Topographic Surveying and Contours
95
Topographic surveying is critical for documenting the Earth's surface, focusing on capturing elevations, slopes, and natural and man-made features. It is essential in construction planning, water resource management, and land-use analysis. The primary outcome of such surveys is a topographic map, which uses contour lines to visually represent the shape and slope of the terrain, providing valuable insights into the landscape's characteristics.Contour lines are fundamental to understanding the...
95
Factors Affecting Solubility
33.4K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
33.4K
Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.7K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.7K
The Soil Ecosystem
19.8K
Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
19.8K


