自动化机器如何影响制造业企业的就业?
Hong Jiang1, Yingfan Ge2, Chunhao Yang1
1School of Management, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China.
PloS one
|March 5, 2024
概括
制造业中的自动化机器改变了就业结构,取代了低技能工作,同时创造了高技能角色. 这通过生产力和规模效应影响了研发,生产和行政人员.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 工业组织 工业组织 工业组织
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
背景情况:
- 自动化正在改变制造业.
- 了解其就业影响对于政策和战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析自动化机器对中国制造业企业就业的影响.
- 调查推动这些就业变化的机制.
- 探索自动化对行业链接的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自中国上市制造企业 (2012-2019) 的基于任务的模型和微数据.
- 调解效应模型,以确定影响机制.
- 输入-输出方法和输入-输出表来评估行业联系效应.
主要成果:
- 自动化机器对劳动总量产生净替代效应,取代低技能劳动力,创造高技能劳动力.
- 对研发/技术人员的积极影响;对生产,管理和财务人员的负面影响;对销售人员的不显著影响.
- 生产力和产出规模效应是关键机制. 产业链接效应显示了上游和下游企业之间的替代.
结论:
- 自动化正在重塑制造业的就业结构,需要劳动力适应和再培训.
- 这种影响在不同的职位角色和行业之间有所不同.
- 可能需要政策干预来缓解负面就业影响,并利用自动化带来的好处.
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