了解和应用基因环境相互作用:营养专业人士的指南,重点是融入非洲研究环境
1Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Nutrition reviews
|March 5, 2024
概括
基因与环境的相互作用 (GxEs) 对非传染性疾病 (NCD) 至关重要. 本次审查强调,需要在非洲人口中进行更多的GxE研究,以推进个性化的营养和防止不道德的基因测试实践.
科学领域:
- 遗传学和营养科学 遗传学和营养科学
- 基因与环境的相互作用 (GxEs)
- 营养遗传学和营养基因组学
背景情况:
- 非传染性疾病 (NCD) 源于复杂的基因环境相互作用 (GxEs),特别受到饮食的影响.
- 医疗保健专业人员往往缺乏解释或进行GxE研究的遗传专业知识,阻碍了个性化的营养方法.
- 非洲人群具有很高的遗传变异性和独特的暴露,在GxE研究中代表性不足,尽管他们的NCD负担很大.
研究的目的:
- 为营养专业人员提供基础遗传学知识,以了解GxE研究.
- 审查研究GxE的方法,并讨论质量和可复制性方面的挑战.
- 探索营养遗传学和营养基因组学在医疗保健中的作用,并解决直接面向消费者的遗传测试问题.
主要方法:
- 文献综述侧重于营养中的基因环境相互作用.
- 分析GxE研究的现状,特别是关于非洲人口的研究.
- 讨论挑战和提议的解决方案,以提高GxE研究质量和可重复性.
主要成果:
- 在涉及非洲人口的GxE研究中存在一个显著的差距,尽管它们具有独特的遗传和环境特征.
- 目前关于GxEs的研究证据没有充分说明个性化营养或抵消直接向消费者进行遗传测试的说法.
- 需要在营养科学中更好地理解和应用GxE原则.
结论:
- 将遗传学纳入营养教育对于医疗保健专业人员有效利用GxE发现至关重要.
- 在包括非洲人在内的不同人群中增加对GxE的研究对于制定定制的NCD预防和治疗策略至关重要.
- 个性化营养的未来可能会涉及先进的技术,如应用到GxE数据的AI和机器学习.
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