在过渡到自动驾驶的过程中,量化安全改进和人机权衡
Song Wang1, Zhixia Li2, Yi Wang3
1School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
Accident; analysis and prevention
|March 5, 2024
概括
自动驾驶的安全性随着自动化水平的提高而提高,但一项新的指标显示,2级提供了最好的人机冲突减少. 这项研究量化了不同自动化级别的安全收益.
科学领域:
- 人与计算机的互动.
- 汽车工程 汽车工程
- 道路交通安全问题 道路安全问题
背景情况:
- 目前对自动化对人类驾驶错误的影响的理解缺乏经验数据.
- 在自动驾驶汽车中,人为和机器错误引起的危险之间的权衡没有定量定义.
- 在过渡到自动驾驶期间改善安全的理论模型尚未开发.
研究的目的:
- 调查人类和机器因素在安全性能中的关联.
- 引入和利用一个新的指标",人机冲突减少比率" (H/M比率).
- 在各种自动化级别中建立与人为错误相关的可量化的安全改进.
主要方法:
- 60名参与者在自动化0,2,3和4级的模拟器中完成了驾驶任务.
- 安全性能通过计算冲突频率和严重程度来衡量.
- 从人为因素的角度使用理论模型来估计安全改进.
主要成果:
- 与手动驾驶相比,4级自动化显示了最大的安全改善 (93.3%),其次是2级 (70.7%) 和3级 (40.5%).
- H/M比率表明,2级具有最高比率,表明最佳的人机错误权衡,其次是4级和3级.
- 在每个自动化级别考虑所有人为错误类型时,评估了安全性能.
结论:
- 该研究提供了经验证据,证明随着自动化水平的提高,安全性得到了改善.
- 新的H/M比为人机错误权衡提供了定量指数.
- 这些发现为自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 专家和制造商提供了关于人机合作驾驶安全的关键见解.
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