早期作用的近亲繁殖抑郁症可以演变为避免近亲繁殖的机制
Yaniv Brandvain1, Lia Thomson1,2, Tanja Pyhäjärvi3
1Department of Plant amd Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA.
Proceedings. Biological sciences
|March 6, 2024
概括
在不能避免自我受精的物种中,选择可以有利于自我牺牲的胚胎死亡. 这一过程有助于保持个人健康,防止内生生殖的抑郁,挑战它总是不适应的观点.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
背景情况:
- 在许多植物和动物物种中,虽然经常避免自我受精,但这是不可避免的.
- 亲生生殖抑郁症,由于与亲戚交配而导致的健康状况下降,是显著的后果.
- 现有的预防自杀的机制并不总是完全有效.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究在偶尔自我受精的物种内生抑郁症的进化动态.
- 探讨繁殖补偿如何影响内生殖抑郁症的选择.
- 为了确定是否可以选择有利于机制,积极降低内生后代的适应性.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种理论模型,分析生殖补偿对近亲繁殖抑郁症的影响.
- 在自受精和胚胎损失的不同速度下模拟的选择压力.
- 确定了有害的衰退变异可以通过选择受益的条件.
主要成果:
- 选择可以有利于'自我牺牲'的变体,在有生殖补偿的情况下,导致内生胚胎过早死亡.
- 这种机制挑战了所有亲生繁殖抑郁症都是不适应性的假设.
- 该模型为具有高自生率和强烈的近亲繁殖抑郁症的物种生成可测试的预测.
结论:
- 亲生生殖抑郁症可能并不总是纯粹有害的;在特定条件下,它可能是适应性的.
- 自我牺牲的胚胎死亡是一种潜在的进化策略,以减轻内生育的健康成本.
- 这一理论可能解释了高精子体中实现的低自杀率,它们表现出高的初级自杀率和强烈的近亲繁殖抑郁症.
相关概念视频
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
01:17What is a Species?
44.0K
Overview
44.0K
00:57Inclusive Fitness
36.0K
Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
36.0K
01:39Epistasis
46.7K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
46.7K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
34.4K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
34.4K
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K