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Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

29.2K
Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
29.2K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

23.7K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
23.7K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

31.7K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
31.7K
Titration of a Polyprotic Acid02:08

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

96.6K
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
96.6K
Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

34.8K
To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.5K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.5K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;
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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

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离子解离的一个一般,最基本的规则是:质子化分子.

Adriano Reis1,2, Rodinei Augusti3, Marcos N Eberlin1,2

  • 1School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS
|March 6, 2024
PubMed
概括

"最不稳定的原质子"规则,而不是最稳定的规则,决定了质子分子解离. 这一基于移动质子模型的发现,重新定义了对离子化学和碎片化模式的理解.

关键词:
电子喷雾电离化电离化离子化学 化学 离子化学它们是原体的原体.质子化分子的质子化分子.双联质谱质量测量技术

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Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

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科学领域:

  • 质谱测量质量谱测量
  • 计算化学的计算化学
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景情况:

  • 质子分子在质谱学中很常见.
  • 激发的质子分子的解离通常被认为涉及最稳定的质子体.

研究的目的:

  • 在离子化学中挑战"最稳定的原体"规则.
  • 引入和验证"最不稳定原体"规则.
  • 为了解质子分子解离路径提供一个新的框架.

主要方法:

  • 在选定的分子上进行电喷离子电离-双重质谱 (ESI(+) -MS/MS).
  • 密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算,特别是PM7.
  • 潜在能量表面图的构造.
  • 用"最不稳定原体"规则重新解释解离过程.

主要成果:

  • 证明了"最不稳定的原体"决定解离,而不是最稳定的.
  • 演示了移动质子模型在质子转移和质子体形成中的作用.
  • 显示了较低的分离值较不稳定,更不稳定的原体.
  • 成功地重新解释了现有的解离机制.

结论:

  • "最不稳定的原体"规则为质子分子解离提供了一个更准确的模型.
  • 移动质子模型对于理解离子碎片化至关重要.
  • 这项工作需要对在质谱学中如何预测和合理化离子解离进行修订.