使用甲基胺的青少年的认知功能:炎症和氧化过程的影响
Burak Çakır1, Aylin Deniz Uzun Çakır1, Şermin Yalın Sapmaz2
1Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Usak University, Uşak, Turkey.
Applied neuropsychology. Child
|March 6, 2024
概括
青少年使用甲基胺与认知障碍有关. 较高的大脑衍生神经营养因子 (BDNF) 水平与年轻的甲基胺使用者的认知功能差异相关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 甲基胺 (Meth) 的使用是越来越令人担忧的,与神经毒性和认知缺陷有关.
- 青少年甲基胺使用障碍 (MUD) 对认知功能和神经炎症提出了独特的挑战.
- 了解MUD,认知障碍和炎症标志物之间的相互作用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查MUD青少年认知障碍和炎症过程之间的关系.
- 为了比较患有MUD的青少年与健康对照者的生化和认知概况.
- 探索认知功能,甲基使用时间和特定生物标志物之间的相关性.
主要方法:
- 研究了69名青少年 (15-19岁) 的队列,包括37名MUD和32名对照.
- 用中枢神经系统生命体征来评估认知障碍.
- 血液样本分析了炎症标志物 (IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-a),BDNF和其他生化参数.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,甲基胺使用者表现出较低的IL-6和TNF-a水平,但较高的BDNF水平.
- 观察到神经认知指数与甲基使用时间和BDNF水平之间存在负相关性.
- 这些发现表明,青少年MUD中具有明显的炎症和神经营养特征.
结论:
- 青少年使用甲基胺与对认知功能的负面影响有关.
- 在青少年MUD中观察到的认知缺陷中,BDNF可能起着重要作用.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明MUD中神经毒性和认知障碍背后的机制.
相关概念视频
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
67
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
67
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
55
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
55
01:24CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
193
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
193
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
125
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
125
01:29Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis
1.4K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
1.4K
01:17Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions
187
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
187