影响汽油汽车氨排放的因素:系统审查和元分析
Lizhong Xu1, Yumeng Bao2, Hanyang Man1
1College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Digital Fujian Internet-of-things Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring, Fuzhou 350007, China.
The Science of the total environment
|March 6, 2024
概括
车辆的废气是氨排放的主要来源. 这项研究使用了元分析,发现车辆的速度,温度和里程显著影响氨排放,需要新的标准.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气化学 大气化学
- 汽车工程 汽车工程
背景情况:
- 氨 (NH3) 是二次无机气溶和新颗粒形成的关键前体.
- 汽车废气是城市环境中大气氨的主要来源.
- 现有关于汽油汽车氨排放的研究显示出不一致性,缺乏统一的解释框架.
研究的目的:
- 使用元分析调整汽油汽车氨排放数据中的不一致性.
- 精确识别影响汽油汽车氨排放的因素.
- 提供对城市空气质量的氨排放动态的全面了解.
主要方法:
- 从1628多篇出版物中提取的537个氨排放因子进行了元分析.
- 分析了排放标准,发动机类型,环境温度,行驶里程,车辆速度和发动机排量的影响.
- 研究了催化剂特性,兰巴达和停留时间 (空间速度) 的作用.
主要成果:
- 汽油汽车的综合氨排放系数为23.57±24.94毫克/公里.
- 车辆的速度,温度,里程,发动机类型和排量显著影响氨排放因子,共同解释高达50.63%的变化.
- 车辆的速度被确定为影响氨排放的最重要因素.
- 在低/超高速度,低温和高里程条件下,氨排放控制不足.
结论:
- 氨排放因子不会在更严格的排放标准下持续下降.
- 需要将氨排放指标和有针对性的测试程序纳入机动车排放标准中.
- 目前的排放控制策略对于特定的驾驶条件是不够的,这凸显了修订法规的必要性.
相关概念视频
03:12Chemical Stoichiometry and Gases: Using Ideal Gas Law to Determine Moles
24.6K
Chemical stoichiometry describes the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.
24.6K
02:57Reaction Stoichiometry
65.9K
A balanced chemical equation provides a great deal of information in a very succinct format. Chemical formulas provide the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change, allowing classification of the reaction. Coefficients provide the relative numbers of these chemical species, allowing a quantitative assessment of the relationships between the amounts of substances consumed and produced by the reaction. These quantitative relationships are known as the...
65.9K
01:31Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
1.1K
Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
1.1K
03:25Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States
11.4K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol), T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient. This equation may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process under any given set of conditions.
Reaction Quotient...
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol), T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient. This equation may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process under any given set of conditions.
Reaction Quotient...
11.4K