最近在植物转化基因组学方面取得的进展,用于作物改进
Shivangi Mathur1, Deeksha Singh1, Rajiv Ranjan1
1Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India.
Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology
|March 6, 2024
概括
基因组方法通过提高产量和弹性来增强作物育种. 翻译基因组学和先进的奥米克技术为开发营养丰富,耐压作物品种提供了精确的工具,以满足全球粮食需求.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 植物育种 植物育种
背景情况:
- 人口增长,气候变化和有限资源等全球性挑战给农业系统带来压力,导致产量高原和威胁农民生计.
- 迫切需要增加粮食生产,提高对环境威胁的抵御力,改善食品营养和安全.
- 扩大遗传多样性和发现新的作物品种对于实现更高,更稳定的作物产量至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为突出转化基因组学在作物改进方面的进展.
- 讨论各种奥米克技术在开发更好的作物品种中的应用.
- 探索基因组编辑技术以增强作物特征.
主要方法:
- 翻译基因组学将基因组概念与实际的育种工具相结合.
- 使用遗传标记 (SNP,EST) 进行定量特征位置 (QTL) 发现.
- 采用标记辅助选择,育种和转基因技术进行作物改进.
- 应用omics技术,如转录组学,转基因组学,泛基因组学和单细胞组学.
- 利用基因组编辑工具,例如CRISPR-Cas技术.
主要成果:
- 基于基因组学的作物育种提供了超越传统方法的解决方案,提高了营养价值和抗压能力.
- 遗传标记有助于识别关键农业特征和耐压力的QTL.
- 奥米克技术和基因组编辑为精确的作物增强提供了强大的工具.
结论:
- 翻译基因组学和先进的分子技术对于开发高产量,营养丰富和弹性作物至关重要.
- 这些基因组策略对于应对全球粮食安全挑战和使农业适应不断变化的环境条件至关重要.
- 将奥米克和基因组编辑集成到育种计划中,可以加速改进作物品种的发展.
更多相关视频
07:00CcCIPK14 Gene Function Analysis to Illuminate the Efficient Root Transgenic System
Published on: September 23, 2021
2.0K
07:43Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation, Transgenic Production, and Its Application for the Study of Male Reproductive Development in Rice
Published on: October 6, 2020
12.4K
相关概念视频
Transgenic Plants
7.2K
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
7.2K
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
18.9K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
18.9K
Transgenic Organisms
31.1K
Overview
31.1K
Plant Tissue Culture
37.9K
Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.
37.9K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.5K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.5K
The Central Dogma
21.7K
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
21.7K
